Penguin revolutionized publishing in the 1930s with their affordable paperbacks. Founded by V. K. Krishna Menon and Sir Allen Lane with his brothers, they sold for sixpence. The iconic Penguin paperbacks launched on July 30, 1935, with a logo inspired by penguins and designed by Edward Young. The logo had three stripes: orange for fiction, green for crime, and dark blue for biography. The central white panel contained the author's name, printed in black ink using Eric Gill's sans-serif font.
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Penguin expanded to include Porpoise, Peacock, Peregrine, Ptarmigan & Puffin. A boy suggested a new Puffin slogan: “It’s a P’Super—It’s a Psychedelic.” The editor liked it but “psychedelic” was too drug-related. Penguin Books' covers followed the golden ratio (4⅜" × 7⅛", 111mm × 181mm), with a warmer orange color. Jan Tschichold used Monotype Bembo, Monotype Centaur, and Gill's Perpetua for typography, and wrote the Penguin Composition Rules guidelines. |